ANGLO MYSORE WAR CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
In this post , we are going to discuss ANGLO MYSORE WAR CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES . On various occasions , we would also refer to MARATHAS and HYDERABAD . It is highly recommended to read previous posts , in order to have better understanding of ANGLO MYSORE WAR . The link of previous posts in chronology are given below . Do read all and that too in chronology .
BACKGROUND OF ANGLO MYSORE WAR ( CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES )
Here we would discuss Mysore between 1750 – 1767 .
- During 1750 , WODEYAR Dynasty ruled Mysore . Wodeyars were the successor of Vijayanagar Empire .
- In 1753 , HAIDER ALI joined Wodeyars as prominent Military commander .
- Over the next decade i.e. from 1753 to 1763 , Haider Ali consolidated his hold over the administration of Mysore and sidelined the Wodeyars .
- From 1763 to 1782 , Haider Ali ruled Mysore .
MAP LOCATION OF MYSORE
- In the North of Mysore , there was Maratha Empire .
- On eastern side Hyderabad was present .
- On the south eastern side state of Carnatic was present .
- So , in the Deccan region there were 3 powerful states namely Marathas , Mysore and Hyderabad .
REFORMS BY HAIDER ALI
1. NEW REVENUE POLICY –
Haider Ali replaced older inefficient revenue collection system with a new system .
- What was the older system ? – Under the older system , revenue collecting officials were appointed who used to collect revenue . The officials were given a share in the revenue collected ( say 10% in the collected revenue ) .
- How was the older system inefficient ? – It was inefficient because the officials used to underreport the revenue . For eg. if there was an actual a collection of 10 lakh , then the officials used to report , only 6 lakh has been collected . So , there used to be lots of corruption .
- NEW SYSTEM BY HAIDER ALI – Under the new system , Officials were given salary but not share in revenue . Also , checks were maintained in the revenue collection process .
2 . HAIDER ALI WORKED TOWARDS INCREASING REVENUE BASE –
The second important change which Haider Ali made was , he worked towards increasing the revenue base of the empire .
- Haider Ali expanded the area under irrigation – To do this , he started constructing more canals . This he did to increase the agricultural productivity . More agricultural output meant more tax to the empire .
Haider Ali also promoted sericulture and cultivation of spices . Spices had huge demand in European market . - State owned Trading company – Under Haider Ali , Mysore moved towards establishing a state owned trading company . The aim of the company was to establish direct trading links with the French , Persians and Central Asian markets .
- Tax according to Fertility – Haider Ali declared that taxation would be done according to the fertility of land . It basically meant if a farmer has grown more , he would pay more tax and if less output is there then less tax would be charged .
MILITARY REFORMS UNDER HAIDER ALI
Haider Ali took inspiration from Europeans and re-organized his army . He introduced RISALA SYSTEM.
- What was RISALA SYSTEM ? – Under the Risala system , whole army was divided into groups . Each group was called Risala . Each Risala was to have a fixed number of troops and one military commander . Military commander of each Risala was directly appointed by Haider Ali himself . He used to appoint loyal and trust worthy commanders .
- Separation between revenue collection and military work – Military commanders were concerned of troop administration only . They were not concerned with revenue collection .
- Haider Ali also worked towards establishing an Arsenal factory at DINDIGAL during 1760s .
- NOTE – It is important to note here that all these reforms were carried forward by Tipu sultan also . Tipu was son of Haider Ali .
CAUSES OF ANGLO MYSORE WAR
- Restrictions on BEIC – Haider Ali during 1760s prohibited British East India Company ( BEIC ) from using Trading ports of Mysore such as Mangalore port , for exporting goods from the region to Europe .
- Ambition of Mysore – Mysore under Haider Ali and later under Tipu sultan aimed to establish themselves as pre-eminent power of south India . They tried to get control of key coastal ports and trade . This ambition of Mysore brought them in conflict with their neighbours , such as Marathas , Hyderabad and others .
- Threat to BEIC – Both, Mysore’s ambition of territorial expansion and prohibition of BEIC from using ports was seen by Britishers as a major threat . Britishers thought Mysore can become a threat to their trading presence . It should also be noted here that during 1780s , Tipu sultan completely prohibited BEIC from trading with private traders of Mysore .
- Close relations with French – Mysore had close relations with French East India company . Both , British crown and BEIC were concerned of this . They feared that Mysore could serve as a base for reviving French presence which had largely declined after the Treaty of Paris of 1763 .
- BEIC and the British crown also feared that French rulers may offer significant military or economic support or both to Mysore to overthrow the British from the region .
FIRST ANGLO MYSORE WAR ( 1767 – 1769 )
- Due to all of the above reasons 1st Anglo Mysore war broke out in 1767 .
In the First Anglo Mysore war Hyderabad sided with British , while Marathas largely remained ambivalent ( silent ) . - The first war ended in 1769 . Under Haider Ali , Mysore was able to defend it’s territories against the combined attack by British and Hyderabad .
- So , first Anglo Mysore war ended with no side imposing defeat over the other .
- After the first war , from 1770 to 1779 , there was no war .
CAUSES OF SECOND ANGLO MYSORE WAR
- The second Anglo – Mysore war broke out in 1780 .
- CAUSES – Same as 1st Anglo Mysore war . You may read above .
SECOND ANGLO MYSORE WAR (1780-1784)
- The second Anglo Mysore war broke out between 1780 – 1784 .
- Regional Alliance – In the second war , Haider Ali managed to form a regional alliance with Marathas and Hyderabad to deal with British offensive .
- Why Hyderabad joined ? – Hyderabad joined because of the erosion of their autonomy in the territory done by Britishers .
- Why Marathas joined ? – Marathas joined because they were already in war with the British ( Anglo – Maratha war )
- Who formed the Alliance ? – The alliance was an outcome of the diplomatic attempts of Haider Ali . The another reason was the assessment of Hyderabad and Marathas that British presence in the region was a common threat to all .
However , Haider Ali died naturally in 1782 . During this time the second Anglo Mysore was going on . Also in 1782 , the war between Marathas and Britishers ended ( 2nd Anglo MARATHA war ) after which Britishers signed Treaty of Salabai with Marathas .
In short , Haider Ali died in 1782 and Marathas reached truce / peace with Britishers in 1782 itself .
- So from here , the alliance broked because Marathas under their treaty with Britishers had agreed not to intervene .
After Haider Ali , his son Tipu sultan continued the war . - The second Anglo Mysore war ended in 1784 . In the second Anglo Mysore war also Britishers failed to impose any major defeat on Mysore .
- Between 1784 – 1789 , no war took place . But , during this period Tipu sultan annexed cochin region , which was under the Maharaja of Travancore .
- Here it becomes important to note down that Travancore had good relationship with Hyderabad and BEIC .
TIPUs expansionist ambitions became immediate cause for the third Anglo Mysore war . This third Anglo Mysore war lasted from 1789 – 1792 .
- Result of second war – Thus , second war also ended with deadlock . Neither side imposed defeat on other side .
THIRD ANGLO MYSORE WAR ( 1789 – 92 )
- MYSORE BECAME ALONE – In the third war the wind had changed . Here , BEIC + Hyderabad + Marathas fought jointly against Mysore .
- Result – Mysore was defeated and forced to sign Treaty of Srirangapatnam of 1792 .
Treaty of Srirangapatnam of 1792
- MYSORE BECAME LANDLOCKED – One – third ( 33% ) of the Mysore’s territories were to pass into the hands of BEIC , Hyderabad and Marathas . Due to this Mysore got reduced to the status of landlocked state ( without access to sea ) .
- Tipu’s son in custody – Tipu sultan had 2 sons , both were taken into custody by British .
War compensation – The Britishers further demanded a war compensation of 3.3 crore rupees from Mysore .
FOURTH ANGLO MYSORE WAR OF 1799
- CAUSE – It was just a retaliation of Tipu sultan because of the harsh provisions of treaty i.e. treaty of Srirangapatnam .
- RESULT OF WAR – The fourth Anglo Mysore war was the final blow to Tipu sultans rule in which British imposed a decisive defeat on Mysore in the BATTLE OF SRIRANGAPATNAM OF 1799 .
- AFTER WAR ? – After the 4th war British re-established the rule of Wodeyar dynasty in Mysore .
- Why Wodeyars were re-established ? – Because wodeyars agreed to sign SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE SYSTEM .
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
1. Which two parties were involved in Anglo Mysore war ?
ANS. British East India Company and Mysore .
2. When did first Anglo Mysore War took place ?
ANS. Between 1767 – 1769 .
3. Describe the four Anglo Mysore wars briefly ?
ANS . Refer this post .
4. The first Anglo Mysore war ended with the Treaty of ?
ANS. No treaty signed after first war .
5. The Second Anglo Mysore war ended with the Treaty of ?
ANS. No treaty signed after second war .
6. The Third Anglo Mysore war ended with the Treaty of ?
ANS. Treaty of Srirangapatnam of 1792 .
NOTE – If there are any doubts regarding the topic , do mail us at mail@edunexter.com . Our team will reply you within 24hrs.
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